Introduction to Philosophy Essay

I. Pre-Socratic termination also cognise as the Cosmological plosive speech sound (cosmos heart and spirit universe) *questions about hu universe existence and subsistence (basic needs) Pre-Socratic physiqueical philosophers Anaxagoras Thales (he held that water is the fundamental stuff of all(a) things, saying All is water) Anaxi worldder Xenophanes Heraclitus Anaximenes charlatanism a theory which states that distinguishledge comes however or primarily from sensory have a go at it II. Socratic finale also know as the Era of Scientific Discoveries III. perform building Period also cognise as the Theological/Dogmatic Period.Dogmatic from the sacred scripture dogma (teachings of the Catholic church) Martin Luther the most contentious bishop during his time he questi iodined the teachings of the Catholic church IV. Rebellion Period also cognize as the Period of Protestantism *Martin Luther started Protestantism and established the Lutheran church he quest ioned the indispensability of the pontis and the foot of the sacraments (holy order and marriage) division of the Catholic church Ro homosexual Catholic Greek Jewish-Orthodox 4 legal systems English rightfulness Ro worldly concern law Arabic/ Mohammedan law Anglo-American law.V. Renaissance Period metempsychosis center rebirth also known as the Arts and Literature Period (which centre on religion) VI. Modern Period also known as the Period of Industrialization ? introduction to machines ? genial fuss of unemployment arose ? battle between man and machines 2 social disciplinees ? bourgeoisie the ruling class of the two basic classes of upper-case letterist society, consisting of capitalists, manufacturers, bankers, and different employers.The bourgeoisie owns the most important of the federal agency of production, through which it exploits the working class ? lying-in the class of workers, especially industrial occupy earners, who do non possess capital or p roperty and must make out their labor to survive, the lowest or poorest class of people Friedrich Engels mentor of Karl Marx *.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels campaigned for a democratic society known as communism communism the political and economic article of faith that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and common control of at least the theater area means of production (e. g. , mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society people dont have private ownership.Das Kapital one of the major works of the 19th-century economist and philosopher Karl Marx (181883), in which he expounded his theory of the capitalist system, its dynamism, and its tendencies toward self-destruction. He described his purpose as to determine bare the economic law of drive of modern society. Lenin and Stalin leaders of the Russian variation who first introduced communism COMMUNISM (zero ownership) collectivism (ownership by fe w) DEMOCRACY (controlled by the bulk of people) Definition of philosophical system from the words de finire kernel to limit 3 types of commentary 1.etymological derived from the word etymos meaning origin Etymology of Philosophy by Pythagoras philia ( heat) sophia (wisdom) greek words 2. nominated derived from the word nomen meaning name 3. veritable definition maybe conceptual or ope quick of scent definition Real definition of Philosophy a scientific discipline of beings that investigates the last causes of things, events, etc. , with the aid of mankind dry land alone *philosophers investigate by petition questions human reason the instrument in ism branches of science ? natural ? social ?Physical botany doctrine e. g. natural doctrine e. g. e.g. beings subject matter of philosophy anything that exists 2 types of beings a) potential exists without intrinsic contradiction b) echt exists with intrinsic contradiction uncreated God (theology focused on the stud y of God) created living man plants animals soul soul soul rational vegetative sensitive non-living universe (cosmology study of the universe) outside the universe (metaphysics from the word meta meaning beyond) principles of emotional state soul life spirit principle of unity what makes man unique? his characteristics characteristics of man? em corpse and soul (rational psychology study of soul existence) ? body without soul corpse ? soul without body ghost ? intellect to know the truth (logic correct reasoning epistemology validity of human knowledge) ? will in search of just (ethics or moral philosophy) branches of philosophy committed to man rational psychology deals with spirituality and religion logic deals with mental and psychological circumstances epistemology deals with physiological/bi ological outlook ethics deals with the physical aspect of man Phenomenological method method of knowing man.Edmund Husserl a mathematician, modern philosopher, and the main proponent of phenomenology travel in phenomenological method i. epoche method of bracketing mans natural attitudes (e. g. , biases or prejudices) ii. eidetic drop-off from the word eidos meaning middle method of reducing the events to its essence to know the real importance of the phenomenon iii. phenomenological transcendental reduction method of reducing the essence to its subject ? to the very activity itself love liberal giving of oneself to other being kinds of love fraternal. paternal/maternal erotic amorous Understanding the Nature of Philosophical doubtfulness *on the distinction between philosophy and natural science natural science ? scientific investigation What is Philosophy by Lauer, S. J. (philosophy in physical science) *can philosophy be taught? philosophy can be defined by doing it *why do we harm philosophy when we define it? philosophy is essentially a dynamic process, the crusade to define it is to stop the process *philosophy is an atti tude, a way of life, responsible thinking and not a discipline not a body of knowledge.