Drum Major App

Drum Major Audition 1. What specific skills do you posses that qualify you as a drum major. What qualifies me as a drum major is the experience that I have within this band program. Being a section leader for the past two years has given me a much better understanding of show and music, along with advanced understanding of marching technique and fundamentals. 2. Describe your level of musicianship and instrumental pedagogy skills. From the start of my music career at Cryar, I've always been the top Tuba player. Even throughout Junior High-school and Even so far in High-school, I've been in Wind Ensemble.Being in the Wind Ensemble shows my musical ability, along with my musical understanding. Being in the Wind Ensemble gives me a opportunity to study and prepare more difficult music that I would find being in any other band. 3. Describe your level of marching fundamentals competency. My level of marching, I would say, is one of the more advanced in the band; I'm basing this statement on the fact that I've already had three years of marching experience, but not just marching experience, I've also had two years of teaching marching to underclassmen.With this experience I believe puts me ahead of other students in the band, because I was the only Sophomore section leader. 4. Describe your level of drill design (and execution of) understanding. My level of drill design and understanding is advanced compared to others in the band. Since Sophomore year I've been presented with the drill charts, that normal students would only see outside of rehearsal. So I have a fairly good understanding how to dress forms and how to fix forms that might not be working as well as it should be. 5. List and describe the points of attention . Feet The heels of the marchers feel should be touching, and their toes separated so that the gap at the intersection of the heels at a 45 degree angle. Along with the position of the feet, the weight of the marcher should be balanced solely on the ball of the foot. If this is done correctly then the marcher should be able to bounce up and down on their feet without shifting their weight. b. Knees The marchers knees should be in a comfortable bend. The worst thing for a marcher to do is lock their knees when they are in attention.This could lead to a possible blackout of the marcher due to the cut of of blood to the brain. c. Hips The marchers hips should flat to front, and should also be pushed and tilted forward slightly. The hips is one of the most important parts of a good marcher, it's what separates the musician from the athlete. This is a important thing to remember later when we start marching. d. Arms The Marchers arms should be at a slight, comfortable bend. With their hands resting on the sides of the legs, wear the seam of their shorts should be. The elbows should be facing directly backwards, not outward to any degree.The hands should be in a loose fist with their thumb facing directly downward in line with the se am on their shorts. e. Shoulder The marchers shoulders should be in a line with the heals of their feet and their hips. They should be relaxed but bold. This can be achieved by raising the shoulder to the ears, pulling them back, and relaxing them downward. This will portray a stronger individual. f. Head The marchers head should be held high. So that they are looking directly forward. There should be absolutely no movement what so ever while the marcher is in attention.Not to adjust hair, or wipe sweat, regardless to circumstance, if you are in attention, you are not moving. 6. List and describe the points of forward march. a. Head The head should remain flat to front or back at all times,unless directed otherwise. b. Shoulders The marchers shoulders should always be facing flat to front or back, unless directed otherwise. They should also be in the same position that they were in the attention position. c. Hips The marchers hips should be facing the direction in which the marcher is marching.The hips should also be in the same position that they were in while in attention. d. Legs The legs go through many different check points during the forward march. The first point is the first step. The first step will always be taken with the left foot. The leg should be extended forward until it is straight, at this point the heel of the left foot should be touching the ground. After the initial impact of the heel on the ground, the marcher will â€Å"Roll Through† , this can be accomplished by imagining you are squeezing every last bit of toothpaste out of a toothpaste bottle.By the time the foot has finished rolling through, the right leg should have started its progress forward, and should be right next to the left leg, with the foot parallel to the ground hovering as close to the ground as possible. As the left foot rolls through to the tip of the toes, the marcher should be repeating that same process with their right foot. This process should be continued until the end of a set, or a still portion of the drill. The marcher will stop marching forward be either changing directions to backwards marching, or stopping.When the marcher is stopping, they will step forward with their right food, and roll through starting at the toe this time, at the correct angle of attention, and then smoothly place their left foot into the attention position. 7. List and describe the points of backward march. a. Head The head should remain flat to front or back at all times,unless directed otherwise. b. Shoulders The marchers shoulders should always be facing flat to front or back, unless directed otherwise. They should also be in the same position that they were in the attention position. c. HipsThe marchers hips should be facing the direction in which the marcher is marching. The hips should also be in the same position that they were in while in attention. d. Legs The legs will go through many different check points throughout the backwards marching pr ocess. The first check point is the first step. The marcher, beginning from their attention position, will lift their right heel of the ground just enough so that their left foot is dangling by their side. The marcher will then swing the left leg backwards, without bending their knee, and touch their ball of their foot behind them.Once the back foot has been firmly planted onto the ground, the marcher will then repeat the process with their right food, and continue repeating this process until directed by a director. 8. List and describe the points of a slide march. While the marcher is slide marching their lower body will remain the same, such as marching check points, the only difference between slide marching and regular marching is the direction the upper body is facing in comparison to the lower body. When the marcher is standing in attention horns up(we will describe later) their first check point is their hips.The marcher will rotate their hips 45 degrees to the left or right , according to the directions of the directors. Along with the rotation of the hips the whole rest of the upper body will move with the hips, but the feet will not move. The next step is the shoulders, the shoulders; the shoulders will then complete the rotation started at the hips with another 45 degree turn of the shoulders in the same direction that the hips had just moved. From here the marchers shoulders should be at a 90 degree angle in comparison to the feet which should be facing forward.From this point the marcher will be able to repeat the steps in the forward and backwards march instructions to begin the slide marching process. Something that should always be remembered is that while the marcher is marching in the slide position, they should always have their horn in the same position that they would as if they were marching normal. 9. Describe the horns up position in detail. From the attention position, the marcher will be addressed â€Å"'clap,clap,clap,clap' band hor ns up† this sequence of commands represents a common counting pattern of marching band, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.Notice that there is only seven commands, the 8 count of the addressed sequence is the time in which the marcher will very quickly put their horns up, and as the horn comes up the marcher will make a very short but loud ‘Tsst' sound. The position of the hands in horns up position is as follows. The marchers fist will be right in front of the marchers mouth, the left hand should be in a fist and the right hand should be covering the left hand. The marchers thumbs should resemble an ‘X' shape in front of their mouth, this is to represent the mouthpiece.After proper hand position is established, the marcher should pay attention that their wrists are not bent in any place. The wrist should always be completely straight. The marchers elbows should be bent at a 90 degree angle. The rest of the marchers body will remain the same as it is in attention position. To transi tion from horns up to horns down, the marcher will just rotate their fists so that the ‘X' is facing directly up. 10. Describe how to dress a line.During marching season, there will be many times that you will be marching in a line, these are very important parts in a show, because perfect lines stand out to people who are experienced and also inexperienced with marching shows. a. Forward. If you are marching in a line that is in front of you, you should see nothing but the person directly in front of you. b. Side to side. If you are in a line that is side to side you should use your peripheral vision to address the line, if you can see someone other than the person directly to your left or right, you aren't in the line, and must adjust immediately. 1. Describe how to dress a curve. The curve is very essential to the type of marching band that we are today. Curves is what separates our band from military marching bands. Curves can be anywhere in a marching show, and for them t o impressive there should always be equal spacing and a smooth flow from person to person. To dress a curve the marcher should always have each set memorized, and while we are dressing each set individually, should memorize the way the curve looks, and to hit it every time no matter what.If you see the curve rolling smoothly from person to person, the curve is correct. If there is a bump in a curve, such as someone jutting out, this person needs to reevaluate is set placement. 12. Describe how to dress a diagonal. Diagonals, just like lines, are an essential part of marching bands. The way a marcher will dress diagonals is the pretty much the same way one would dress a line. By looking down the diagonal that the marcher is in, and making sure that no one else is visible except the person right immediately next in the line.

Gothic Tales and Edgar Allan Poe Essay

Compare ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ with ‘The Black Cat’. How, in these tales, does Poe draw on the Gothic tradition and take us into the tormented, diseased minds of his narrators In both ‘The Tell-Tale Heat’ and ‘The Black Cat’ there are many gothic effects used. For example, the gruesome concealment of the victims is described in a deadpan but detailed manner. In The Black Cat our narrator describes all of his options and then illustrates exactly how he carried it out, â€Å"†¦I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the body†¦Having procured mortar, sand, and hair†¦I prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished from the old†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then in The Tell-Tale Heart he describes this concealment procedure again, † I took up†¦ the flooring†¦then replaced the boards so cleverly so cunningly the no human eye†¦could have detected anything wrong†¦nothing to wash out†¦no blood-spot whatever.† Both narrators seem proud at their astute covering-up of the innocent victims. The gruesome lexis, mixed with the matter-of-fact tone gives off a horrifyingly insane, b ut calm feel to the passage. Also the motives for the killing seemed irrational and over emotional in both stories. This is another typical Gothic characteristic. In The Tell-Tale Heart he says â€Å"I loved the old man†¦never wronged me†¦never given me insult†¦One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture†¦take the life of the old mad, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.† His incentive was unreasonable; he states that there is no other reason than his eye. In The Black Cat his reason for the first killing of his cat Pluto was â€Å"perverseness†¦for no other reason than because he knows he should not?† In this part of the passage it seems strange as he seems to be excusing himself for the sin he is about to narrate to us. Then also at the end of the story when he kills his wife because she stopped him from killing the second cat he says, â€Å"†¦this blow was arrested by the hand of my wife. Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal †¦buried the axe in her brain. She fell dead upon the spot.† The lexis used here is brutal and infernal, typical of Gothic writers â€Å"rage more than demoniacal† references to the devil highlight the white hot anger surging inside the twisted narrator. The use of an unreliable, villainous storyteller was not a typical Gothic feature at the time but it has greatly influenced future authors who write in the Gothic style. In both tales the narrators give off an intensely nervous energy by using repetition and strong, unruly lexis. The first line of The Tell-Tale Heart sets the tone for the whole story instantly â€Å"TRUE!-nervous-very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I a mad?† The dashes break up the sentences making them erratic; this is helped by the uneven sentence structure and the fusion of long and short clauses to make the whole pace of the story jerky and uneven. A typical Gothic feature that appears in only The Tell Tale Heart and not The Black Cat is the use of the night. The narrator describes how â€Å"†¦that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.† Also the murder itself was committed at night and the use of the disguise of darkness gives an eerie feel to the piece and emphasis the Gothic tone of the story. However in The Black Cat the story was described through the day and the night and the murders of both the narrator’s wife and cat were during the day. Although this was not traditionally Gothic, and the description of the gruesome death caused some sections of the story to be more in the genre of horror. An element of Gothic literature that was in The Black Cat and not The Tell Tale Heart was the use of â€Å"omens†, obviously the title itself was a bad omen at the time and the other story had no omens, other than the heart beat motif that causes the narrator to confess his sins to the police. The title itself was not the only omen used in The Black Cat; Poe writes about two other obvious omens in this tale. Firstly the large imprint of â€Å"the figure of a gigantic cat†¦ There was a rope about the animal’s neck†, this was left on the wall the night after our narrator had killed his cat, this is not a figment of his imagination though as other people around can see it; later on however the narrator describes a mark of white hair, which shows â€Å"the image of a hideous -of a ghastly thing -of the GALLOWS!† This is more likely to be an illusion as the remorse builds up inside him. But he describes it as â€Å"†¦terrible engine of Horror and of Crime -of Agony and of Death!† The lexis used here is full of anger and is very strong. The capitalisation of the more significantly brutal words personifies these aspects and emphasises the narrator’s fear of the cat and of guilt. Poe uses many different techniques to suck the reader into the mind of his narrators. For example in the The Tell Tale Heart he describes his â€Å"disease† to the reader and excuses his actions. â€Å"The disease has sharpened my senses, not destroyed, not dulled them.† This line shows how the narrator is quite openely conceited. His insanity is revealed to us in a number of ways, firstly the deadpan tone of many parts of the passage give the reader an eery feeling of calm, that causes a disturbing sensation, such as when the narrator is describing his method of concealing his victim’s corpse, â€Å"I took up three planks†¦deposited all†¦then replaced the boards†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This use of everyday lexis â€Å"deposited† almost makes us forget that he is talking about a corpse, it makes the whole procedure sound mundane, which gives the impression of madness but also numbness to the narrator. Secondly, his lunacy is exposed to us as the character of the narrator is unravelled through the story. Throughout, hints are dropped as to the overconfidence of our narrator, repetition of various phrases. â€Å"†¦what had I now to fear?† and then again when the officers arrived, â€Å"for what had I to fear?† This reiteration of egotism makes us feel as if the narrator is reassuring himself that he is confident, and suggests to the reader that he has inexplicable insecurities lying beneath his cool exterior. Also in The Tell Tale Heart Poe uses many capitalised words and short, broken phrases to speed up the pace of parts of the account. â€Å"They heard! — they suspected! — they KNEW!† This shows how truly nervous and petrified the narrator is, and with the staggered, gaunt sentence structure makes the reader feel the same way, even if not to the same extent. A way in which The Black Cat’s method of pulling the reader into the mindset of a murderous narrator is near the beginning we are given some background about the narrator’s life. In The Tell Tale Heart we were given no information about setting or circumstance to help us detail our image. I find that this helps more as we have more pictures painted to us and these can then feed our imagination to produce a far more complex, but realistic understanding of the narrator’s mental situation. â€Å"I was especially fond of animals,† This line is quite ironic, as we learn from the rest of the story he seems to, infact, have a severe problem with cats. The way in which Poe implies the insanity of the narrator is in the language used to describe his cats. â€Å"†¦sagacious to an astnoishing degree† His strange attachment to the cat gave the narrator an untrustworthy and evil feel. Then when he describes his motives for hanging his first cat, Pluto, this insinuates utter, pschotic madness, â€Å"the spirit of PERVERSENESS†¦have we not a perpetual inclination†¦to violate that which is Law† This strange, confused motive gives the narrator a trace of humanity, but more of a childlike malevolence which emitts an air of wickedness. This infantile but wicked narrator, I find, is more chilling than the more simple, insane and evil narrator in The Tell Tale Heart, because of its uncanny likeness to reality. A similarity between The Black Cat and The Tell Tale Heart is that both narrators have a sense of superiority about them and this strong impression of narcissism makes the reader feel overwhelmed by malice and also builds up a strong feeling of resentment to their disagreeable characters. In both stories, the narrators end with a confession to their terrible deeds, both obviously caused by insolence and bravado. Another feature that is in The Black Cat but not The Tell Tale Heart is the sense of paranoia given off by the narrator, about the mark of white hair on his second cat’s chest, â€Å"†¦the mark†¦of which I have spoken†¦assumed a rigorous distinctness of outline†¦the image of a hideous- of a ghastly thing – of the GALLOWS!† This paranoia of an omen about the sadistic murder of Pluto blatently lays out the narrator’s madness and causes the reader to feel possibly more sympathetic, but more likely, to feel more estranged from the narrator. In conclusion I found the ways in which we were drawn into the psychotic mind of our killers were more effective in The Black Cat, as some were more subtle, but the more obvious one’s were easier to spot and gave a more definite and outlined picture of the narrator’s psyche. However, I found that the typical Gothic features used in The Tell Tale Heart made it more Gothic than in The Black Cat and also made the tale more chilling, even if not as gruesome or detailed as The Black Cat.

Porphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess Comparison - 789 Words

Meaning Of Brownings Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess (An Analysis of Comparing and Contrasting Brownings poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess) Robert Browning was a Victorian poet. He portrayed an understanding of gender rules in his poems. Browning’s poems are similar to a puzzle, which makes the reader have to figure out what is really being said in the poem. Browning wrote two famous dramatic monologue poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess. His poems create a high intensity of emotion for the reader. In the poems Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess, Robert Browning displayed several similarities and differences. In the poems Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess, Browning displays several†¦show more content†¦Selfishness is displayed throughout these two poems because the two men are both extremely all about themselves. The man in Porphyrias Lover is constantly expressing how he wants his next wife to act, specifically to please him. â€Å"I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together.† (lines 45 46). These two lines from the text is describing how selfish and demanding the man was in the poem My Last Duchess. He wanted his next wife to be the â€Å"perfect† woman for him, and listen to all of his commands. Jealousy is also a similar conflict in each of the poems. Browning displays both of the men in the two poems to appear jealous of the women. In Porphyrias Lover, the man is portrayed to be jealous of how happy his wife always appeared to be before she died. In My Last Duchess, the text implied how the man was jealous of the other men the women had been seeing, as he assumed she was seeing other men. In the two poems My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover, the two poems have several differences. In Porphyrias Lover, the man didn’t appear to be truly in love with his last wife. The speaker criticized her throughout the poem on how happy she was all the time. On the other hand, the man in My Last Duchess, appeared to be truly in love with the woman because he never criticized anything she did. He described her and everything she did. â€Å"Be sure I looked up at her eyes, Happy and proud†(lines 27 Show MoreRelatedMy Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover Comparison858 Words   |  4 Pagesmind through his poems. Specifically, his two poems My Last Duchess, and Porphyria’s Lover. These two texts share some startling similarities, and some thoughtful differences. â€Å"Social comparison is important.† (Festinger) Browning’s two poems My Last Duchess and Porphyria’s Lover follow a similar idea, and in the following text, will be compared in three m ain areas. The first area of discussion is who is telling the story. In My Last Duchess, the narrator is a vastly wealthy Duke, who lives inRead MoreA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning1188 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Porphyria’s Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning The two poems ‘Porphyria’s lover’ and ‘my last duchess’ by Robert Browning shows a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a story that is told by one person; which means you only get one point of view; in the two poems they are based on the narrator’s crisis, his feelings and his way of thinking; and you have to believe it because that is the only view your going to encounter. In dramaticRead MoreEssay on A Comparison Between My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover2909 Words   |  12 PagesA Comparison Between My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover Works Cited Missing Robert Browning was one of the greatest poets of the nineteenth century and is still considered one of the major poets of the Victorian era. He was born in 1812 and married the privately educated poet, Elizabeth Browning, in 1846. They eloped to Florence, Italy, where his wife gaveRead MoreComparison of ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ are both poems by the Victorian poet Robert Browning. In this essay I will compare these two poems to find similarities and differences. Both of these poems can be used read from different points of view and they could also be used to show how society treated women in the Nineteenth Century: as assets, possessions. Both of these poems are what are known as a dramatic monologue as well as being written in the first person. The whole poem is only one stanzaRead MoreA Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning665 Words   |  3 PagesA Comparison of the Dramatic Monologues of Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning (1812-89) was, with Alfred Lord Tennyson, one of the two most celebrated of Victorian poets. His father was a bank clerk, and Browning educated himself by reading in the family library. He published many verse dramas and dramatic monologues (poems, like My Last Duchess, in which a single character speaks to the reader), notably the collections Men and WomenRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of My Last Duchess and Porphyrias Lover1182 Words   |  5 PagesMy Last Duchess is a poem about an arrogant and extremely powerful Duke who is describing his deceased Duchess. From the word last in the title it is implied that the duke has had more than one duchess. In this poem, the Duke is extremely egotistic. He says, I choose never to stoop. The duchess would look at everyone in the world as being equal no matter what class they are. The duke however cannot do this. He is too worried about his appearance. Porphyrias Lover is a poem in whichRead MoreCompare My Last Duchess And Porphyrias Lover1098 Words   |  5 PagesLove That Kills (Comparing and Contrasting of â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover†) While reading the poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† by Robert Browning, there is a large possibility that you may be left haunted by the words that were written on the paper. â€Å" This is not to say that he was blandly optimistic, as he is sometimes portrayed. He wrote fully about the world s cruelty and vice and was quite frank that he had himself had no divine revelation. Nevertheless, he resolvedRead MorePorphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess Comparison Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesComparison between Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess Browning had a place with the Victorian Age, an age where adore coincided with disarray, religion, and distress. Taking care of business, Browning is a writer of affection. His works delineate the different shades of feeling, regardless of whether it is the smooth stream of perfect otherworldly love in The Last Ride Together or the complexities of brain and nature of affection in Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess. To draw an examinationRead More Robert Browning and the Power of the Dramatic Monologue Form1432 Words   |  6 Pagespoets, allows the writer to engage more directly with his reader by placing him in the role of listener. Robert Browning utilised the form to a famously profound effect, creating a startling aspect to his poetry. In poems such as â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover,† and â€Å"My Last Duchess,† for example, Browning induces a feeling of intimacy by presenting the reader as the ‘confidant’ to the narrator’s crimes; in â€Å"Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister,† the reader is more a witness to the narrator’s increasing instabilityRead More Relationships Between Women and Men in Brownings Poems Essay2589 Words   |  11 PagesBrowning’s poems including: My Last Duchess, a dramatic monologue in which the Duke speaks to an imaginary listener about a painting of his last duchess. Porphyria’s Love, another dramatic monologue where Porphyria’s lover speaks to himself about his Love surrounded by anxiety for Porphyria and how he overcomes it. Meeting at Night, which dramatizes the excitement and intensity of passion, the feeling of tense anticipation as the poet travels to meet his lover. However, Parting at Morning

Comparison and Contrast of the Lottery and the Ones Who...

Comparison and Contrast of The Lottery and The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas The differences between The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin seem relatively minor when compared to the striking similarities they contain in setting, symbols, and theme. Each of the stories begin with a description of a beautiful summer day. The flowers were blooming profusely and the grass was richly green(para 1) in The Lottery is quite comparable to old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees(para 1) in ...Omelas. These descriptions (along with several others) provide positive connotations and allow the reader to relax into what seems to be a comfortable setting in either story.†¦show more content†¦The fact that both authors include references to farming may be due to the association between farming and tradition. I know many people who believe that farming is a way of life that is handed down from generation to generation, it is very much a tradition to them. The men in The Lottery are speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes(para 3) and in ...Omelas, the farmers market is described as nothing less than magnificent(para 3). The most obvious reason for these references is that the rituals performed in both stories are suppose to have an effect on harvest. Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon(para 32) in The Lottery used to be a saying heard in their community. And in ...Omelas, the abundance of their harvest(para 9), along with many other things, supposedly depended upon their performing the certain ritual. Although the reasons for the traditions are slightly different in each story, the rituals themselves are very much alike. Both are shocking and both involve the sacrifice of a human being. Because the sacrifice in The Lottery is chosen strictly by chance, age is not a determinant, whereas in ...Omelas the sacrifice is always a child. However, regardless of this difference, when the time comes, victims in each of these tales begins pleading for release from their inevitable doom. The child in ...Omelas says Please let me out. I will be good!(para 8),Show MoreRelatedThe Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Analysis876 Words   |  4 Pagessituation of regret and confusion.† The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas† by Ursula K. Le Guin and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson address the theme of religious and traditional symb olism.† The Lottery† demonstrates how something that seems so perfect on the outside isn’t all that great on the inside. 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The Role of Infections and Diseases in the Evolution of...

Haldane’s hypothesis which states that there is a role of infections or diseases as a driving force in the evolution of Metazoans is simply put as infection is a selective in the evolution of Metazoans and essential for the survival of certain populations. Malaria represents one of the most important selective factors affecting human populations. There are several inherited diseases of red blood cells that lead to resistance at the erythrocytic stage. ÃŽ ±-Spectrin Hereditary Elliptocytosis Hereditary elliptocytosis is a heterogeneous group of red-cell disorders characterized morphologically by oval-shaped erythrocytes (Gallagher, 2005). Ovalocytosis is an uncommon variant of hereditary elliptocytosis (Gallagher, 2005). It is caused by heterozygosity for a 27-base pair deletion in the gene encoding the erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 (SLC4A1∆27) (Williams, 2006) on chromosome 17 (Jarolim et al., 1991). A mutation results in impaired function and gross skeletal disruption of the membrane skeleton of the erythrocyte (Coetzer et al., 1990). It confers highly specific protection against cerebral malaria by maintaining similar parasitemia levels (Coetzer et al., 1990). The heterozygotic form is asymptotic (Coetzer et al., 1990). Ovalocytic erythrocytes are very rigid and relatively resistant to invasion by various strains of malarial parasites (Coetzer et al., 1990). There are four ÃŽ ±-spectrin mutations namely alpha 1/74, alpha 1/46, alpha 1/65 and alpha 1/61 (Coetzer et al.,Show MoreRelatedThe Symbiotic Relationship Between a Bacteriophage and the Mucus Layer of a Metazoan Host576 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of the study by Barr et al. is to investigate an assumed symbiotic relationship between a bacteriophage and the mucus layer of a metazoan host, which may create a defense against microbes to protect the mucus layers from bacterial infection. The mucus layer has about four times more phage than bacteria, which is seen in preliminary testing, and because phage encode hypervariable proteins that may aid in adsorption to bacteria prey, the phages may work to protect the mucus layer be adheringRead MoreMitochondrial Pathway Of Mitochondrial And Mitochondrial Permeability Transition977 Words   |  4 Pagesactivated pathways and if the stress cannot be resolved the UPR switch to apoptosis. It is believe that ER-induced apoptosis is mediat ed through activation of caspase 12 in rodents (Figure. 3). The human homologue of caspase-12 is silenced during evolution and it believes that caspase 4 fulfil its function in humans. ER resident BCL-2 family proteins regulate apoptosis through both direct and indirect (ER Ca2+ signaling) signaling pathways (Oakes et al., 2006; Rong and Distelhorst, 2008). For exampleRead MoreRna Interference Regulates Gene Expression9725 Words   |  39 Pageshomeostasis (Bernstein et al. 2001; Tuschl 2001; Zamore 2001; Hammond et al. 2001). It has been estimated that up to 70% of total genes in mammalian cells could be regulated directly or indirectly by RNAi pathways (Bartel et al. 2004; Zamore 2001). The vital role that the RNAi mechanism plays in these processes made itself a subject of tight temporally and spatially regulation (Tuschl et al. 2001; Zamore et al. 2001). Previous studies from our lab and other researchers found that molecular chaperone heat shock

Affirmative Action as defined by the Meriam Webste Essay Example For Students

Affirmative Action as defined by the Meriam Webste Essay mrsrs Dictionary is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups or women. In 1961 John F.Kennedy issued an executive order calling for Affirmative Action as a means to promote equal opportunity for racial minorities, in hiring by federal contractors. This was the first official use of the term by the Federal Government. Eight years later Nixon as President beefed up the Office of Federal Compliance Programs, which along with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has become one of the governments two main enforcers of affirmative action policy.(Groliers Electronic Encyclopedia, 1993) Such efforts have vastly expanded opportunities for Afro-Americans. However they have also touched off complaints from many whites that Afro-Americans are benefiting from reverse discrimination. Under the equal opportunity act of 1972 most federal contractors, subcontractors, all state and government institutions (including universities) must initiate plans to increase the proportions of their female and minority employees until they are equal to the proportions existing in the available labor market.(Groliers Electric Encyclopedia, 1993) Affirmative action plans that establish racial quotas were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the case of University of California VS. Bakke in 1978. This case arose when the medical school of the University of California at Davis twice rejected Allen Bakkes application while admitting members of racial minorities who had lower test scores. Bakke charged that the medical schools policy of setting aside 16 of the 100 positions for racial minorities was a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In a complex 5-4 decision the Supreme Court ordered that Bakke be admitted. The court ruled that even though universities may consider race and ethnic origins as a factor in evaluating candidates for admission, they may not establish fixed racial quotas.(Time Magazine, May 27 1991, pp.22) The decision was, however upheld in the case of Private Business and Unions in United Steelworkers of America vs. Webber in 1979. This case arose when Brian F. Webber sued Kaiser Aluminum and the United Steelworkers of America for setting aside half of the positions in a training program for minority workers with less seniority. The Supreme Court overruled this case by a 5-2 vote holding that the Kaiser program did not violate title VII of the civil rights act of 1964. The ruling was that, private employers could voluntarily adopt plans designed to eliminate conspicuous racial imbalance in traditionally segregated job categories. Then in 1984 and 1986 the justices ruled against upsetting seniority systems in favor of minorities.(Harpers Magazine, July 1991, pp.27) In 1984 the Supreme Court struck down a Richmond ordinance intended to quarntee Afro-Americans and other minorities a greater share of the citys construction contracts. The decision not only threatened similar programs in 36 states, but also opened the door to legal attacks against other racially based government schemes. A key component of the court ruling was the requirement that all government distinctions based on race be subject to strict scrutiny. This means that public sector affirmative action programs are valid only if they serve the compelling state interest of redressing identified discrimination.(Time Magazine, February 6 1989, pp.60) Affirmative action has moved to the forefront of public debate in recent months with a proposed California ballot initiative that would end many race-based preference programs. The University of California itself has become the focus of debate after Ward Connerly, a Regent for the University of California system called for an end to such preferences in admissions. The Chancellor of UCLA Charles E. Young, quickly took a strong stand against Mr. Connerly, saying that affirmative action had benefited the university and should cont inue.(NY.Times, June 4 1995, pp.22) The University Of California at Berkeley campus was among the first of the nations leading universities to embrace the elements of affirmative action in its admissions policies, and now boasts that it has one of the most diverse campuses in America, with whites accounting for only 32% of the student body. However Berkeley may soon become one of the first campuses in the nation to abandon the cornerstone of affirmative action in higher education. The University Board of Regents expects to consider a proposal to prohibit the use of race and ethnicity as factors for admissions.(NY. Times, June 4 1995, pp.23) Then on Thursday July 8, 1995, the California University System Board of Regents adopted a plan to dismantle affirmative action plans within the university system. Effective January 1, 1997, the University of California system shall not use race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, or national origin as a criterion for admission to the University or any program of study. The following is a brief excerpt from the resolution: The president shall confer with the Academic Senate of the University of California to develop supplemental criteria for consideration by the board of regents. . . In developing such criteria, which shall provide reasonable assurances that the applicant will successfully complete his or her course of study, consideration shall be given to individuals who, despite having suffered disadvantage economically or in terms of their environment (such as an abusive or otherwise dysfunctional home or a neighborhood of unwholesome or anti-social influences),have nonetheless demonstrated sufficient character and determination in overcoming obstacles to warrant confidence that the applicant can pursue a course of study to successful completion, provided that any student admitted under this section must be academically eligible for admission. (NY Times, June 4 1995 pp.7) The regents decision was hailed as an Historical a chievement by Republican Governor Pete Wilson. Wilson responded to White House Chief of Staffs Leon Panettas contentions that the board of regents made a terrible mistake and that the Justice Department would begin a review of the billions of dollars that flow from the federal government into the states universities, by claiming that the state will not be intimidated by the implicit threat of losing the huge largess in student aid and research funds that the university receives. The university would follow through with the dismantling of the programs because, they were wrong and unfair.(NY Times, July 22 1995, pp.7) There are however two unusual twists to the assault on affirmative action in the University of California system, that defy the stereotypes. First the race based preferences are being attacked by a black member of the board of regents and defended by Berkeleys Asian-American Chancellor. Second the racial makeup here has extended the fault line in the debate to minority V S. minority, as well as black VS Bibliography: .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .postImageUrl , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:hover , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:visited , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:active { border:0!important; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:active , .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328 .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c1d1580031fb0ebb08a6c506240b328:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: James Joyces araby Essay

Mind your P\s and Q\s Essays - Cognitive Science, Mind

Mind Your P?s and Q?s Spencer Vescovi When I was a little boy and in elementary school my mother would always tell me ?mind your P?s and Q?s.? I always wondered what in the world is she talking about. Later in life as I grew older I looked for as many different meanings as I could. I found out that it has many different meanings over the world from my behavior to the British army. Mind your P?s and Q?s is commonly used by parents in the United States, but what could it possibly mean? Mind your P?s and Q?s essentially means to mind your manners. This means to mind your comments and questions and is commonly said to children1. Surprisingly, British Bar Tenders use this saying too. You might be thinking how does a Bar Tender use this phrase? Bar Tenders in England might say mind your P?s and Q?s as mind your pints and quarts. It was said to help customers remember how much they owed and how much they have already had to drink. In addition, It is also said to people who were acting ruly so they would not fight2. Mind your P?s and Q;s is also quite popular in England with the British Army. Historically, in the British Army, the Officers and Soldiers wore a Pea which is a jacket, and a Quae which is a wig and it was very important not to lose them! The term in the British Army is to mind your Peas and Quae?s which means not to mess up or lose your jacket and wig. In the boot camps or training facilities, the Drill Sergeants and Commanders would say this to the Soldiers2. People all over the world use this saying including the printers who make the newspaper. In the past, the printing business had to hand lay the letter blocks into the machine and some were double sided like P and Q. The printers had apprentice?s which completed this tedious task and would tell them to mind the P?s and Q?s. The P?s and Q?s faced different directions on the letter block and the shop owner didn?t want the apprentice to be confused1. All over the world mind your P?s and Q?s has lots of different meanings. These meanings stretch from the home of an American Mother, the British army, printing presses and British Pubs. So the next time somebody tells you to mind your P?s and Q?s, just think which meaning you think they mean. Sources 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_your_Ps_and_Qs 2.http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/mind-your-ps-and-qs.html